The main bottleneck for AI scaling is not compute or chips, but access to electricity and grid infrastructure.
| Constraint | Impact | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Grid capacity | High | Many regions are saturated |
| Interconnection delays | Severe | 2–4+ years in key markets |
| Power availability | Critical | Limits deployment, not demand |
AI infrastructure depends on physical systems that scale slowly.
Electricity access determines where compute can actually run.